Moodle is a free and open-source learning management system (LMS) written in PHP and distributed under the GNU General Public License. Developed on pedagogical principles, Moodle is used for blended learning, distance education, flipped classroom and other e-learning projects in schools, universities, workplaces and other sectors.

Department Of Instrumentation Engineering

Government College of Engineering, Chandrapur, Maharashtra.

B. E. Elective Subject

Robotic Systems and Control

Assignments

Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the intelligence exhibited by machines or software. It is also the name of the academic field of study which studies how to create computers and computer software that are capable of intelligent behavior. Major AI researchers and textbooks define this field as "the study and design of intelligent agents", in which an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chances of success. John McCarthy, who coined the term in 1955, defines it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines".

AI research is highly technical and specialized, and is deeply divided into subfields that often fail to communicate with each other. Some of the division is due to social and cultural factors: subfields have grown up around particular institutions and the work of individual researchers. AI research is also divided by several technical issues. Some subfields focus on the solution of specific problems. Others focus on one of several possible approaches or on the use of a particular tool or towards the accomplishment of particular applications.

The central problems (or goals) of AI research include reasoning, knowledge, planning, learning, natural language processing (communication), perception and the ability to move and manipulate objects.General intelligence is still among the field's long-term goals.Currently popular approaches include statistical methods, computational intelligence and traditional symbolic AI. There are a large number of tools used in AI, including versions of search and mathematical optimization, logic, methods based on probability and economics, and many others. The AI field is interdisciplinary, in which a number of sciences and professions converge, including computer science, mathematics, psychology, linguistics, philosophy and neuroscience, as well as other specialized fields such as artificial psychology.

Windows 8

Windows 8 is a personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems. Development of Windows 8 started before the release of its predecessor, Windows 7, in 2009. It was announced at CES 2011, and followed by the release of three pre-release versions from September 2011 to May 2012. The operating system was released to manufacturing on August 1, 2012, and was released for general availability on October 26, 2012.

New and changed features

Language and standards support

Snap feature: Xbox Music app, along Photos app snapped into a sidebar to the right side of the screen

Windows 8 introduces the new Windows Runtime (WinRT) platform, which can be used to create a new type of application officially known as Windows Store apps and commonly called Metro-style apps. Such apps run within a secure sandbox, share data with other apps through common APIs. WinRT, being a COM-based API, allows for the use of various programming languages to code apps, including C++, C++/CX, C#, Visual Basic .NET, or HTML5 and JavaScript.

Apps in Windows 8 may snap to the side of a widescreen display to allow multi-tasking, forming a sidebar. In Windows 8.1, the size of this sidebar can be changed. Snapped apps may occupy half of the screen. Large screens allow up to four apps to be snapped. Upon launching an app, Windows allows the user to pick which snapped view the app should open into.

The term "Metro-style apps" referred to "Metro", a design language prominently used by Windows 8 and other recent Microsoft products. Reports surfaced that Microsoft employees were told to stop using the term due to potential trademark issues with an unspecified partner. A Microsoft spokesperson however, denied these reports and stated that "Metro-style" was merely a code name for the new application platform.

Windows 8.1 introduces Assigned Access, formerly called Kiosk mode, which restricts the Windows device to a running a single predetermined Metro-style app.

Windows 8 also introduces APIs to support near field communication (NFC) on Windows 8 devices, allowing functionality like launching URLs/applications and sharing of information between devices via NFC.

Windows Store

Windows Store is a digital distribution platform built into Windows 8, which in a manner similar to Apple's App Store and Google Play, allows for the distribution and purchase of apps designed for Windows 8. Developers will still be able to advertise desktop software through Windows Store as well. To ensure that they are secure and of a high quality, Windows Store will be the only means of distributing WinRT-based apps for consumer-oriented versions of Windows 8.

In Windows 8.1, Windows Store features a redesigned interface with improved app discovery and recommendations and offers automatic updates for apps.

Know about Scilab...........

What is Scilab ..??

Scilab is an open source, cross-platform numerical computational package and a high-level, numerically oriented programming language. It can be used for signal processing, statistical analysis, image enhancement, fluid dynamicssimulations, numerical optimization, and modeling, simulation of explicit and implicit dynamical systems and (if the corresponding toolbox is installed) symbolic manipulations. MATLAB code, which is similar in syntax, can be converted to Scilab. Scilab is one of several open source alternatives to MATLAB.

Scilab is a high-level, numerically oriented programming language. The language provides an interpreted programming environment, with matrices as the main data type. By using matrix-based computation, dynamic typing, andautomatic memory management, many numerical problems may be expressed in a reduced number of code lines, as compared to similar solutions using traditional languages, such as Fortran, C, or C++. This allows users to rapidly construct models for a range of mathematical problems. While the language provides simple matrix operations such as multiplication, the Scilab package also provides a library of high-level operations such as correlation and complex multidimensional arithmetic. The software can be used for signal processing, statistical analysis, image enhancement, fluid dynamics simulations, and numerical optimization.

Scilab also includes a free package called Xcos (based on Scicos) for modeling and simulation of explicit and implicit dynamical systems, including both continuous and discrete sub-systems. Xcos can be compared to Simulink fromthe MathWorks.

As the syntax of Scilab is similar to MATLAB, Scilab includes a source code translator for assisting the conversion of code from MATLAB to Scilab. Scilab is available free of cost under an open source license. Due to the open source nature of the software, some user contributions have been integrated into the main program.

What does Scilab do ?

Scilab includes hundreds of mathematical functions. It has a high level programming language allowing access to advanced data structures, 2-D and 3-D graphical functions. 

A large number of functionalities is included in Scilab:

• Maths & Simulation
  For usual engineering and science applications including mathematical operations and data analysis. 
• 2-D & 3-D Visualization
  Graphics functions to visualize, annotate and export data and many ways to create and customize various types of plots and charts. 
• Optimization
  Algorithms to solve constrained and unconstrained continuous and discrete optimization problems. 
• Statistics
  Tools to perform data analysis and modeling 
• Control System Design & Analysis
  Standard algorithms and tools for control system study 
• Signal Processing
  Visualize, analyze and filter signals in time and frequency domains. 
• Application Development
  Increase Scilab native functionalities and manage data exchanges with external tools.
• Xcos - Hybrid dynamic systems modeler and simulator
  Modeling mechanical systems, hydraulic circuits, control systems...

Scilab as a platform

Thanks to its ability to interconnect with third-party technologies andapplications, Scilab can also act as a unique platform to bring together codes written in different programming languages in a single, unified language, thus facilitating their distribution, their back-up and use.

Why is it free ?

Because Scilab is open source A entire community of contributors participates to the development of Scilab, from contribution to the code, development of external modules to the localization. The international scientific community, both academic and industrial spheres, invests in Scilab to gather recent scientific breakthroughs in the field of numerical computation. Because Scilab is funded by Scilab Enterprises Scilab Enterprises is the publisher and professional services provider of Scilab. Industrial companies benefit directly from this expertise to get the solution suited to their needs through a comprehensive range of support, migration, development services and the implementation of specific applications. Scilab Environment Since Scilab 5.4.0, Scilab environment by default displays the following windows docked - console, files browser, variables browser and history browser. SciNotes The text editor is integrated into Scilab. Il enables easy script edition with autocompletion, automatic indentation, code navigator, statement executing possibility and to manage multiple instances. Variables Editor The variables editor allows you to edit the values of matrices and view all or part of a Scilab variable. You can also copy / paste values from a spreadsheet or from another application. Embedded Help Scilab functions are detailed with examples of use to get started more easily with the possibility to execute example directly into Scilab/Xcos. Navigation is easy thanks to a help browser, links in between functions pages and within the given examples.

Know about Latex......

What is LateX...?

LaTeX  is a document markup language and document preparation system for the TeX typesetting program. The term LaTeX refers only to the language in which documents are written, not to the editor application used to write those documents. In order to create a document in LaTeX, a .tex file must be created using some form of text editor. While most text editors can be used to create a LaTeX document, a number of editors have been created specifically for working with LaTeX.

LaTeX is widely used in academia. It is also used as the primary method of displaying formulas on Wikipedia. As a primary or intermediate format, e.g., translating DocBook and other XML-based formats to PDF, LaTeX is used because of the high quality of typesetting achievable by TeX. The typesetting system offers programmable desktop publishing features and extensive facilities for automating most aspects of typesetting and desktop publishing, including numbering and cross-referencing, tables and figures, page layout and bibliographies.

LaTeX is intended to provide a high-level language that accesses the power of TeX. LaTeX essentially comprises a collection of TeX macros and a program to process LaTeX documents. Because the TeX formatting commands are very low-level, it is usually much simpler for end-users to use LaTeX.

To produce this in most typesetting or word-processing systems, the author would have to decide what layout to use, so would select (say) 18pt Times Roman for the title, 12pt Times Italic for the name, and so on. This has two results: authors wasting their time with designs; and a lot of badly designed documents!

LaTeX is based on the idea that it is better to leave document design to document designers, and to let authors get on with writing documents. So, in LaTeX you would input this document as:

\documentclass{article}
\title{Cartesian closed categories and the price of eggs}
\author{Jane Doe}
\date{September 1994}
\begin{document}
   \maketitle
   Hello world!
\end{document}

LaTeX contains features for:

• Typesetting journal articles, technical reports, books, and slide presentations.
• Control over large documents containing sectioning, cross-references, tables and figures.
• Typesetting of complex mathematical formulas.
• Advanced typesetting of mathematics with AMS-LaTeX.
• Automatic generation of bibliographies and indexes.
• Multi-lingual typesetting.
• Inclusion of artwork, and process or spot colour.
• Using PostScript or Metafont fonts

New MS Office 2013...........

Microsoft Office 2013 (formerly Office 15) is a version of Microsoft Office, a productivity suite for Microsoft Windows. It is the successor of Microsoft Office 2010 and includes extended file format support, user interface updates and support for touch among its new features.Office 2013 is suitable for IA-32 and x64 systems and requires Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2 or later version of either.A version of Office 2013 comes included on Windows RTdevices.

features of Office 2013 include:

• Flatter look of the Ribbon interface and subtle animations when typing or selecting (Word and Excel)
• A new visualization for scheduled tasks in Microsoft Outlook
• Remodeled start screen
• New graphical options in Word
• Objects such as images can be freely moved; they snap to boundaries such as paragraph edges, document margin and or column boundaries
• Online picture support with content from Office.com, Bing.com and Flickr (by default, only images in public domain)
• Ability to return to the last viewed or edited location in Word and PowerPoint
• New slide designs, animations and transitions in PowerPoint 2013
• Support for Outlook.com and Hotmail.com in Outlook
• Support for integration with Skype, Yammer and SkyDrive
• IMAP special folders support